📖 Introduction

🔍 Plant Names and Terminology

In cases where no direct English translation exists for a plant, the original Bengali name is retained. When available, scientific names are provided for accuracy. Refer to this glossary before using any medicinal plant to ensure proper identification through scientific nomenclature.

📜 Samskrta and Formatting Guidelines

• Bengali words are italicized.
• Samskrta (Sanskrit) words are capitalized, with bracketed translations.
• Health-related Samskrta terms (e.g., Ásanas, Púrńima, Amávasyá, Ekádashii) refer to yogic or lunar concepts and are explained in related texts.

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⚖️ Traditional Indian Units of Measurement

Unit	Equivalent in Metric System
1 tola	11.664 grams
1 seer	80 tolas = 933.12 grams
1 seer of water (4°C)	≈ 0.93312 liters

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🧠 Áyurveda: Basic Concepts

Áyurveda believes the body comprises seven fundamental substances:

1. Rasa (nutrient fluid)
2. Blood
3. Flesh
4. Fat
5. Bone
6. Marrow
7. Shukra (reproductive essence)

Three core dośas (biological forces) govern health:

• Váyu (air)
• Pitta (bile)
• Kapha (phlegm)

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🍽️ Dietary Clarification

• Non-vegetarian food: Includes meat, fish, and eggs.
• Dairy: Not classified as non-vegetarian.
• Curd-water: A diluted mix of yogurt and water frequently mentioned in treatment recipes.

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🧘 Special Mudrá Position

Upaviśta Uddayana Mudrá:
This is a variation of Uddayana Mudrá done while kneeling, buttocks on heels, with palms on knees.

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🌱 Alphabetical Glossary of Medicinal Plants (Bengali to English)

Each entry includes the Bengali name, common English name, and scientific (botanical) name.

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🔤 A

• Ádá – Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
• Ákanda – Giant milkweed (Calotropis gigantea)
• Ákanda, Shvet – White milkweed (Calotropis procera)
• Ám – Mango (Mangifera indica)
• Ámlakii – Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis)
• Ámrá – Wild mango (Spondias mangifera)
• Ámrula / Ámrula Shák – Creeping wood sorrel (Oxalis corniculata)
• Anantamúla – Indian sarsaparilla (Hemidesmus indicus)
• Ánáras – Pineapple (Ananas sativus)
• Apámárga – Prickly chaff flower (Achyranthes aspera)
• Aparájita – Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea)
• Áphim – Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum)
• Aŕahar – Pigeon pea (Cajanus indicus)
• Ashoka – Ashoka tree (Saraca indica)
• Ashvagandhá – Winter cherry (Withania somnifera)
• Átap rice – Polished white rice

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🔤 B

• Báblá – Indian acacia (Acacia arabica)
• Baheŕá – Beleric myrobalan (Terminalia belerica)
• Bámunháti / Brahmayasti – Turk’s turban (Clerodendrum indicum)
• Bánsh – Bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea, Bambusa bambos)
• Baŕa Elác – Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum)
• Bat – Banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis)
• Begun – Eggplant / Brinjal (Solanum melongena)
• Bel – Wood apple (Aegle marmelos)
• Beŕelá – Country mallow (Sida cordifolia)
• Beto / Beto Shák – Lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album)
• Bhúmi Kuśmánda – Morning glory (Ipomoea paniculata)
• Bhunicápá – Galangal (Kaempferia rotunda)
• Bichuti – Stinging nettle (Targia involucrata)
• Borácaka – Bowstring hemp (Sansevieria roxburghiana)
• Bráhmii / Bráhmii Shák – Water hyssop (Bacopa monnieri)
• Buckiidáná – Babchi seeds (Psoralea corylifolia)

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🔤 C–D

• Candan – Sandalwood (Santalum album)
• Chánci Kumŕá – Winter melon (Benincasa cerifera)
• Chota Elác – Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
• Colá – Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
• Dálim – Pomegranate (Punica granatum)
• Dárucini – Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
• Dhane – Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
• Dhundul – Smooth loofah (Luffa aegyptiaca)
• Dugdhakśiirá – Asthma plant (Euphorbia hirta)
• Durbá – Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon)

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🔤 E–G

• Gámbhárii – Candahar tree (Gmelina arborea)
• Gándál – Skunk vine (Paederia foetida)
• Ghoŕánim – Chinaberry (Melia azedarach)
• Gimá – Mollugo (Mollugo oppositifolia)
• Golmaric – Black pepper (Piper nigrum)
• Gulainca – Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia)

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🔤 H

• Hariitakii – Chebulic myrobalan (Terminalia chebula)
• Haridrá / Halud – Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
• Hátishunŕá – Indian heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum)
• Heleincá – Water glorybind (Enhydra fluctuans)
• Him – Asafoetida (Ferula foetida)

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🔤 I–J

• Iikśu – Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
• Iisabgul – Psyllium (Plantago ovata)
• Jabá – Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
• Jám – Black plum (Syzygium cumini)
• Jámir Lime – Lemon (Citrus limon)
• Jayantii – Egyptian riverhemp (Sesbania sesban)
• Jhimge / Jhimgá / Jhiune – Angled loofah (Luffa acutangula)

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🔤 K

• Kadam – Kadamba tree (Neolamarckia cadamba)
• Kála Kesendá – Wild senna (Cassia sophera)
• Kalmii / Kalmii Shák – Water spinach (Ipomoea reptans)
• Kántanate – Spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus)
• Karavi – Oleander (Nerium indicum)
• Kayetbel – Elephant apple (Feronia limonia)
• Kelekonŕá – Wild caper (Capparis sepiaria)

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🔤 L–M

• Láu – Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)
• Lavaunga – Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
• Lodhá – Lodh tree (Symplocos racemosa)
• Mahuyá – Mahua tree (Madhuca indica)
• Mána Kacu – Elephant ear (Alocasia indica)
• Maorii – Aniseed (Foeniculum vulgare)
• Masiná – Linseed (Linum usitatissimum)
• Mátar / Mátar Shák – Pea (Pisum sativum)
• Meoyá – Possibly bael or fig (Unverified)
• Michrii – Rock sugar
• Mishti Nebu – Sweet lime (Citrus limettioides)

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🔤 N–P

• Nagdoná – Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)
• Nágkeshara – Ironwood (Mesua ferrea)
• Nimte – Neem (Azadirachta indica)
• Pálam / Pálam Shák – Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
• Pán – Betel leaf (Piper betle)
• Patol – Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica)
• Peyárá – Guava (Psidium guajava)
• Puni / Puni Shák – Malabar spinach (Basella rubra)

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🔤 R–S

• Rasun – Garlic (Allium sativum)
• Reŕi – Castor (Ricinus communis)
• Sajne / Shobháinjana – Drumstick (Moringa oleifera)
• Sarśap – Mustard (Brassica campestris)
• Shál – Sal tree (Shorea robusta)
• Shankálu – No botanical data available
• Shatamúlii – Wild asparagus (Asparagus racemosus)
• Shimulá – Silk cotton tree (Salmalia malabarica)
• Shiulii – Night jasmine (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis)

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🔤 T–U

• Tentul – Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
• Thánkuni – Gotu kola (Centella asiatica)
• Til, Krśńa – Black sesame (Sesamum indicum)
• Triphala – Herbal blend (Ámlakii, Hariitakii, Baheŕá)
• Tulsi / Tulsi, Krśńa – Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum)
• Ucche – Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia)

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🔤 V–Y

• Vásaka – Malabar nut (Adhatoda vasica)
• Viŕi – Traditional herbal cigarette
• Yajina Dumur – Cluster fig (Ficus racemosa)

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📚 Final Notes for Herbal Medicine Readers

This glossary is essential for:

• Ayurvedic students
• Natural health practitioners
• Herbal medicine enthusiasts

Always consult a qualified practitioner and verify plant identification using scientific names before internal or external medicinal use.

“Read our complete guide on blood pressure Ayurvedic treatment and lifestyle tips.”

“Read our detailed guide on Ayurvedic treatment for diabetes and sugar control.”

Frequently Asked Questions of People:-

Trusted External Resources

For more information on Ayurveda, yoga, and natural wellness, explore these authoritative resources:

• Ministry of AYUSH – Government of India
• United Nations – International Day of Yoga
• World Health Organization – Traditional & Integrative Medicine
• National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH, USA)
• The Ayurvedic Institute